Strategies of Founding a State
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Sun Yat Sen
Sun Yat- Sen was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. Read this brief biography to know more on his life. Sun Yat-Sen was a major politician and a Chinese revolutionary who co founded the Kuomintang and served as its first leader. Known as the Father of Modern China, Sun Yat-Sen played a key role in abolishing the Qing Dynasty in China and was the first provisional president of the Republic of China when it was first set up in 1912. The leader, who spent much of his time in exile, holds a distinctive place in the chaotic and convoluted history of China, though none of his cherished dreams came true in his life time; unification of China is one of such dreams. His ideology, famous known as "The Three Principles of the People", the political philosophy of nationalism, democracy and socialism is one of his legacies to the people of China and Taiwan where he is venerated for his revolutionary efforts. Childhood & Early Life Sun Yat-Sen was born on 12 November 1866 to in a peasant family in the Village of Cuiheng Xiangshan County near Macau. After completing primary education Sun moved to Honolulu to live with his elder brother Sun Mei, who had become a wealthy merchant there. With his brother’s financial support Sun Yat gave up his professional career and devoted himself to the revolutionary activities. Initially not capable of speaking the English language, Sun Yat studied English, mathematics and science at the Iolani School in 1882 and received a prize for his outstanding performance in English. After receiving the citizenship of America he enrolled in Oahu College and graduated from there. From the very beginning, Sun Yat was highly influenced by Abraham Lincoln’s idea of republicanism; government of the people, by the people, for the people. Based upon the same he formulated his three principles of the people widely known as nationalism, socialism and sovereignty. Later in life he drafted two books which echo these ideas; The Vital Problem of China (1917) and International Development of China (1921). He harshly criticized the colonialism and discarded the idea of Marxism declaring that the goal the Three Principles of People is to generate socialism and anarchy in the society. Meanwhile he came back to China in 1883 for sometime and what he saw in a backward China deeply moved him, making him scornful towards Chinese religious beliefs. Fearing a rage among his fellow village people he deserted to Hong Kong where he converted to Christianity and was baptized by an American Missionary. There, he studied English at the Anglican Diocesan Home and was moved to the Central School of Hong Kong in 1884. Sun further studied medicine and earned a license of medical practice from the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese in 1892. He married a village girl Lu Muzhen with whom he had three children, including two daughters. Revolutionary Activities Sun stepped into revolutionary activities when the Qing government adopted an extremely conservative approach in promoting advanced techniques and education in China. He gave up his medical practice to contribute to the transformation of China into a western style constitutional power. Sun established the Revive China Society in 1894 as his first step towards a full fledges revolutionary activity in order to bring forth a Republic China. Sun was given an exile for nineteen years after a coup he plotted failed in 1895. During the period, he traveled to Europe, the United States, Japan and Canada raising fund for his revolutionary activities and joined dissident Chinese group in Japan, where he spent the maximum years of the exile. After spending almost ten years in Japan, he went to the United States. On 10 October 1911, a military rebellion at Wunchang ended over thousand years of monarchy in China. Sun Yat returned to china and was elected as the provisional President of the Republic of China in a meeting of representatives from provinces on 29 December 1911. January 1, 1912 became the first day of the first Year of the Republic; thus making a calendar system that is still used in many parts of China. Sun’s revolution had seen a series of defeats before the establishment of the Republic of China and with the new found success of the revolution, Sun became known as the National Father of Modern China. His Method and Strategies of Establishing the Country came in 1919, suggesting his idea to promote peace, freedom and equality in China. Republic of China After assuming the power, Sun Yat-Sen called for the leaders of all provinces to elect new senators in order to establish the National Assembly of the Republic of China. Once the Assembly was formed, the provisional law of the Republic became the basic law of the nation. In 1913 Sun led a futile coup against Yuan, the head of the Beiyang Army, whom he had promised the presidency of the New Republic if he helped him abolish the Qing Emperor. Failing his promise, Yuan had declared himself the new emperor to Sun’s disdain. However, his dictatorship came to an end in 1916 and he was forced to step down from the throne. After the failed coup of 1913, Sun escaped to Japan where he reorganized the Kuomintang. On 25 October, 1915 Sun married to Soong ching-ling without divorcing his first wife Lu Muzhen, despite furious resistance from the Chinese community. Militarist Government in China During 1910’s the Chinese people saw the country divided by military leaders without locating a central government. Enraged by the division, Sun returned to China in 1917 and established a military government in Guangzhou, Southern China in 1921 to fight for its unification. He was elected as President and generalissimo of the military government. According to a speech delivered by him in Hong Kong in 1923, it was the corruption and disorder of China and a stable government of Hong Kong that created a revolutionary within him. He described his Three Principles of the People as the basic guidelines for a stable government. The part of his famous speech in Hong Kong made its presence into the National Anthem of the republic of China. Sun Yat established the Whampoa Military Academy near Guangzhou in order to combat military forces. However, the legitimacy of the militarist government was questioned and opposed by the Beiyang Government on the basis of constitution and its policies. Sun Yat-sen was reelected as the president of the Kuomintang on 10 October 1919 and remained in his position until 12 March 1925. Having failed in his initial efforts, Sun embarked on consolidating alliance with Chinese communists and adopted a policy of Active Corporation. He viewed the Military forces as the only weapon to unify China and establish a democracy in the country. North Expedition & Death In his later life, Sun actively participated in organizing seminars and gave extensive speech calling upon Chinese people to discuss the future of the country despite his worsening health. After delivering a speech in North on 10 November 1924 Sun gave another famous speech in Japan on 28th of the month and initiated a peace talk with the Northern leaders on the unification of China. Though he did not live to see his country unified for he died of Liver cancer on 12 March 1925 in a hospital in Beijing. Soong Ching-ling repudiate the communists and became the Vice President of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 and served till 1981. Before her death in late 1981, she came in charge of the presidency of the Republic of China for sometime. Known as a Chinese nationalist and proto-socialist Sun Yat –sen is revered as the Forerunner of the Chinese Revolution, who lived and died for a cause. His name is mentioned in the preface to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China as an honor to him.
Transcript of Sun-Yat-Sen
Sun Yat-Sen Famous Asian of History Sun Yat-Sen 1866-1925 What is Sun Yat-Sen famous for? Sun Yat-Sen was the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party. He was known as the Father of Modern China and was influential in overthrowing the Qing dynasty. Also he was the first provisional president of the Republic of China. Early Life Sun was born on November 12, 1866, in the province Zhongshan of China. His parents were poor farmers. His brother Sun Mei had been living in Hawaii and in 1879, Sun went to Hawaii to live with him. Education When he arrived in Hawaii, he went to a British missionary school for three years. He then went to Oahu College for a year. After that, Sun went to Hong Kong and studied at the Diocesan home in 1883. He studied at the Government Central School in 1884. Then in 1886, he went to Guangzhou Hospital Medical School. In 1892, he graduated from the College of Medicine for Chinese in Hong Kong. Sun's Family While Sun was studying at the Government Central School he married Lu Mezhen and they had 4 children: 2 girls and 2 boys. The Creation of the China Revive Society Sun did not like how China had been operated under the Qing Dynasty. So he wrote a letter to Li Hongzang the governor of the province Zhili. He did not get any help so he went to Hawaii in October of 1894, and founded the organization called Revive China Society. He became the forerunner of the revolution and eventually lead it. The members of the organization were natives of Guangdong and people of the lower social class. Sun gave up his medical career to make China a republic. China Revive Society Timeline of Sun Yat-Sen 1866- Sun Yat-Sen was born on 12 November 1866. 1882- He enrolled in the Iolani School in 1882. 1892- He earned a license of medical practice in 1892. 1894 - Sun established the Revive China Society in 1894 1911- A military rebellion ended the monarchy in China. 1895- Sun was given an exile for nineteen years after a coup he plotted failed in 1895. 1911- Sun was elected as the provisional President of the Republic of China on 29 December 1911. 1912- 1 January 1912 became the first day of the first Year of the Republic. 1913- In 1913 Sun led a futile coup against Yuan. 1915- Sun married Soong ching-ling On 25 October, 1915. 1916- Yuan was forced to step down from the throne. 1917- His book The Vital Problem of China was published. International 1919- His book Method and Strategies of Establishing the Country came in 1919. 1919- Sun Yat-sen was reelected as the president of the Kuomintang on 10 October. 1921- Sun published a book named Development of China. 1921- He established a military government in Guangzhou to combat military forces. 1925- Sun died of Liver cancer on 12 March 1925. Sun's Plan to Make China Republic After Revive China Society was set up, Sun came up with a plan to take actions. However, in 1895, his plan failed and he was in hiding for 19 years. While he was in hiding he traveled through Europe, the United States, Canada, and Japan to raise money to continue his revolution; many of his plans failed. China Becomes A Republic On December 29, 1911, Sun came back to China and had a meeting with the representatives from each province. During that meeting Sun was elected the first provisional President of the Republic of China. January 1, 1912, was the first day that China became a republic. Sun became known as the Father of Modern China because of his success in changing China's government. The Republic China After Sun became president he told all of the leaders of the provinces to have new senators to form the Assembly. When the Assembly was setup, the Provisional Law of the Republic became the country's new law. Then in 1913, Sun attacked Yuan: the head of the Beiyang Army. Sun had to leave his position because he lied to Yuan saying that he could become the new president of China after he overthrew the Qing dynasty. As a result Yuan became the new emperor of China, despite Sun's disagreement. After three years of ruling Yuan had to leave the throne in 1916. The End of Sun Yat-Sen After Sun's plan failed, he fled the country and went to Japan. While Sun was in Japan he met Soong Ching-Ling. On October 25,1915, Sun married her without divorcing his first wife. Sun's New Wife China's New Government After Sun left China the military leaders had taken over China's government and divided the country. When Sun heard this he went back to China in 1917, and made China a military government in 1921. He was elected president and general of the military government. After the Change in Government In 1923, Sun made a speech that talked about the Three Principles of a Person. Parts of his speech became part of China's National Anthem. After that, Sun created the Whampoa Military Academy. On October 10,1919, he was reelected president of Kuomintang and served until March 12,1925. He also became alliances with Chinese communists and had agreed to the policy of Active Corporation. Later on Sun began to speak at seminars encouraging the people of China to discuss their country's future. Then he gave speech on November 10,1924. After that he gave another speech in Japan on November 28 of that year and had a peace talk with Northern China to unify both sides. He did not live to see China become unified because he died March 12,1925, of liver cancer in Beijing. After his death, his wife removed communist in China and became vice president of the Republic of China from 1949 to 1981.
Transcript of Leadership Project
Leadership Project BACKGROUND HIS WORKS Sun Yat-Sen stepped into revolutionary activities when the Qing government adopted an extremely conservative approach in promoting advanced techniques and education in China. He was also influenced by Christian belief for making revolution. He gave up his medical practice to contribute to the transformation of China into a western style constitutional power. He established the Revive China Society in 1894 as his first step towards a full fledges revolutionary activity in order to bring forth a Republic China. Sun was given an exile for nineteen years after a political revolution he failed in 1895. During the period, he traveled to Europe, the United States, Japan and Canada raising fund for his revolutionary activities and joined dissident Chinese group in Japan, where he spent the maximum years of the exile. After spending almost ten years in Japan, he went to the United States. HIS WORKS On 10 October 1911, a military rebellion at Wunchang ended over thousand years of monarchy in China.He returned to China and was elected as the provisional President of the Republic of China in a meeting of representatives from provinces on 29 December 1911. January 1, 1912 became the first day of the first Year of the Republic; thus making a calendar system that is still used in many parts of China. His revolution had seen a series of defeats before the establishment of the Republic of China and with the new found success of the revolution, He is known as the National Father of Modern China. His Method and Strategies of Establishing the Country came in 1919, suggesting his idea to promote peace, freedom and equality in China. WHY WE COOSE HIM We appreciate Sun Yat-Sen's braveness and courageous actions in carrying out revolution in China. It is very hard to step out for making revolution at that time in China. But he was not afraid. And he chose to give up his medical practice and stepped out for China's future. Moreover, even he faced many difficulties during the revolution , he did not give up. He used his good qualities of a leader, guided his party to overthrow the Qing government. At last, they succeed in the Double Ten Revolution. Group members : -Shama(23) [Gp leader] -Beverly Cheung (5) -Joanna Lau(10) -Mary Li(15) -Rachel Ng(24) Sun-Yat Sen Sun Yat-sen was born on 12 November. He was a Chinese revolutionary, first president and founding father of the Republic of China ("Nationalist China"). As the foremost pioneer of Republic of China, Sun Yat-Sen is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC), and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China. He played an important role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the years leading up to the Double Ten Revolution.(10.10.1911) He was appointed to serve as president of the Provisional Republic of China, when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the GuoMinDang , serving as its first leader. WHY WE CHOOSE HIM He acted as a leader throughout the whole event.He is a shining example of a statesman, who showed extraordinary characteristics of leadership, endurance, optimism, and a sense of mission. Sun Yat-Sen not only had a vision for China, but also a vision for the world. Nowadays, people positively assert that Sun Yat Sen is the representative of Chinese people, and that he is the hero of heroes among Chinese. He is not only regarded as a founder but also the Father of China. Without his leading, modern China may not exist! And we will be still ruling by kings and queens!
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Examples
1 Method and Strategies of Establishing the Country, put forward by Sun Yat-sen, shows his blueprint for national development.
2 Method and Strategies of Establishing the Country still has its special influence today.
3 Different parts in Method and Strategies of Establishing the Country are for different aspects of national development.